PARTS OF SPEECH

I. Nouns

A. Person, place, or thing

B. Capitalization

C. Singular-plural

D. Appositives

II. Pronouns

A. Antecedents

B. Nominative Case

C. Objective Case

C. Pronoun-antecedent agreement

D. Personal Pronouns

1. Gender

2. Person

a. First person

b. Second person

c. Third person

C. Indefinite pronouns

E. Relative Pronouns

1. Who-Whom

2. That-Which

a. Non-restrictive

b. Restrictive

3. Where-When

III. Adjectives

A. Modify nouns

B. Compound modifiers

C. Comma replaces “and”

IV. Verbs

A. Show action

B. Subject-verb agreement

C. Tense

1. Past

2. Present

3. Future

4. Progressive

D. Voice

a. Imperative

b. Subjunctive

E. Transitive

F. Intransitive

G. Verbals

1. Gerunds

2. Participles

3. Infinitives

V. Adverbs

A. Modify verbs

B. Modify adjectives

C. Conjunctive Adverbs

VI. Prepositions

A. Objects

B. Placement

VII. Conjunctions

A. Coordinative conjunctions

B. Subordinate conjunction

PUNCTUATION

I. Periods

A. End sentences

B. Abbreviations

II. Question Marks

A. End sentences

B. Use in quotes

III. Exclamation Points

IV. Commas

A. Separate items in a series

B. Set off parenthetical expressions

C. Set off non-restrictive elements

D. Separate clauses in compound sentences with coordinate conjunction (comma splice)

E. Used to introduce quotes

F. Used to show attribution

G. Adverbial conjunctions

H. Set off introductory clauses, phrases or expressions

I. Set off appositives

V. Colons

A. Introduce a series

B. Introduce a quote

VI. Semicolons

A. Used in series when commas separate appositives

B. Used in place of coordinate conjunctions

C. Used with adverbial conjunctions

VII. Apostrophe

A. Shows possession

1. Singular possession

2. Plural possession

B. Used in contractions

C. Used to show other missing letters

VIII. Hyphen

A. Used in compound modifiers

B. Used to bring elements together

IX. Long Dash

A. Used to separate elements

B. Used to show series

X. Ellipse

A. Shows missing text in quotes

B. Shows missing text

SENTENCES

A. Parts

1. Subjects

a. Understood subjects

b. Compound subjects

2. Predicates

3. Direct objects

4. Indirect objects

5. Prepositional phrases

6. Introductory phrases or clauses

B. Form

1. Direct sentences

2. Compound sentences

3. Complex sentences

C. Problems

1. Comma splices

2. Run-on sentences

3. Incomplete sentences